NWS Inland Tropical Storm Warning (TI.W) (ALERT; IEM VTEC; inland, matched by issue time: Katrina (2005), Rita (2005), Gustav (2008), Ike (2008))
NWS Tropical Storm Warning (TR.W) (ALERT; IEM VTEC, matched by storm number: storms 2008–2024; plus 2008 warnings filed under office numbers (NWS Brownsville/Rio Grande Valley, TX (BRO), NWS Corpus Christi, TX (CRP), NWS Houston/Galveston, TX (HGX), NWS Key West, FL (KEY), NWS Lake Charles, LA (LCH), NWS Mobile/Pensacola (MOB)), NWS Albany, NY (ALY) event 1010 for Irene, NWS Wilmington, NC (ILM) event 1013 for Matthew, NWS Lake Charles, LA (LCH) event 1006 for Gustav, matched by issue time and distance)
NWS Inland Hurricane Warning (HI.W) (ALERT; IEM VTEC; inland, matched by issue time: Gustav (2008), Ike (2008))
NWS Hurricane Warning (HU.W) (ALERT; IEM VTEC, matched by storm number: storms 2008–2024; plus 2008 warnings filed under office numbers (NWS Corpus Christi, TX (CRP), NWS Houston/Galveston, TX (HGX), NWS Lake Charles, LA (LCH), NWS New Orleans/Baton Rouge (LIX), NWS Mobile/Pensacola (MOB)), NWS Wilmington, NC (ILM) event 1013 for Matthew, NWS Lake Charles, LA (LCH) event 1006 for Gustav, matched by issue time and distance)
Recon centre fix (OBSERVED; NHC vortex messages, storms from 2008; the archive keeps them from 2006): Gustav 14, Ike 16, Irene 26, Matthew 28, Harvey 22, Irma 15, Florence 15, Michael 20, Laura 19, Zeta 15, Ida 13, Ian 11, Idalia 15, Beryl 18, Helene 19, Milton 19
USGS high-water mark (OBSERVED; STN, in FL, TX, LA and NC: Katrina 507, Rita 7, Irene 100, Matthew 423, Harvey 2364, Irma 397, Florence 462, Michael 522, Laura 42, Ida 4, Ian 360, Helene 16, Milton 3; none in STN for the other storms; zoom in)
Tide gauge, peak water / surge (OBSERVED; NOAA CO-OPS, gauges recording at the time, storms 1919–2024; 183 storm readings at 94 gauges; readings more than 5 ft below MHHW or the predicted tide are dropped as gauge faults)
Storm-total rain 3–5 in (OBSERVED; WPC gauges in FL, TX, LA and NC, storms 1900–2020; 2021–2024 storms: WPC maximum only; WPC files the Sept 1947 and Sept 1948 storms as 'George 1947' and 'Easy 1948'; not in WPC's file: storms before 1900 and Zeta 2020; zoom in)
Storm-total rain 5–10 in (OBSERVED; WPC)
Storm-total rain 10–15 in (OBSERVED; WPC)
Storm-total rain 15+ in (OBSERVED; WPC)
Historical storm surge, 1919 and 1954 (OBSERVED; NWS Corpus Christi, NWS Wilmington)
Dots = landfall in the state (NHC HURDAT2), coloured by category at landfall. Click a dot or track for the lists it is on.
Satellite + radar at landfall (OBSERVED imagery; 27 storms since 1980, radar for 22 since 1995)
Milton (2024), Florida landfall 2024-10-10 00:30 UTC. IR: 2024-10-10 00:00 UTC (2024-10-09 8:00 PM EDT), GOES-16. Radar: 2024-10-10 00:30 UTC (2024-10-09 8:30 PM EDT), n0q, 0.5 dBZ steps.
20–35 dBZ
35–45 dBZ
45–50 dBZ
50–60 dBZ
60+ dBZ
IR cloud tops colder than −70 °C
IR −70 to −60 °C
IR −60 to −40 °C
IR −40 to −20 °C
Pick a storm. Grey = geostationary infrared (NOAA GridSat-B1), the 3-hourly image nearest the landfall time (for Allen, Emily and Matthew the time shown in the caption); colour = NEXRAD base-reflectivity composite (IEM) at the 5-minute frame at or just before it. The image covers about 1,000 by 850 km around the landfall. Storms before 1980 predate the satellite record. Imagery, not a wind measurement.
